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The Italian view of English hooligans in the 80s was largely shaped by the violent incidents involving English fans during European football matches. Here are some key points that highlight the Italian perspective 1:
- *Heysel Stadium Disaster*: The 1985 European Cup Final between Liverpool and Juventus at Heysel Stadium in Brussels was a turning point. English hooligans charged at Italian fans, causing a wall to collapse, which resulted in the deaths of 39 Italian spectators. This incident was widely condemned in Italy and reinforced the perception of English fans as violent and disorderly.
- *Media Coverage*: The Italian media portrayed English hooligans as a symbol of British disorder and violence. Newspapers and television coverage highlighted the brutality and chaos caused by English fans, contributing to a negative stereotype.
- *Public Perception*: Italians viewed English hooligans with fear and disdain. The violence and aggression displayed by English fans during matches and in public spaces created a sense of unease among Italian fans and authorities.
- *Comparison to Ultras*: Italian ultras, while known for their passionate support, were often compared unfavorably to English hooligans due to the latter's organized violence. However, Italian ultras have continued to influence the domestic game, sometimes with violent outcomes.
- *Historical Context*: The 1980s saw a rise in football hooliganism across Europe, with English fans being at the forefront. Italy, like other European countries, took measures to combat hooliganism, including stricter security and policing during matches.
Some recommended readings on this topic include 1:
- *"Menaces to Management: A Developmental View of British Soccer Hooligans, 1961-1986"* by A.J. Haley and Brian S. Johnson
- *"Hooligans Abroad: The Behavior and Control of English Fans in Continental Europe"* by John Williams and Stephen Wagg
- *"Football and the Decline of Britain"* by James Walvin