>>2929940The materials cost almost nothing and you can just use x-acto knife blades instead of making a blade if you want, there are x-acto blades almost identical but even the normal sort will work well enough. You don't actually have to use hardwoods but it will last considerably longer if you do. The plastic laminate can be replace with any non-brittle plastic which can be found for free all over the place but you can also skip it, it just reduces friction some.
One thing that image does not show is that the the center pin goes into a work board, so you have a 20x20cm or what ever sized hunk of plywood with a hole a size of your center pin drill through the center, drill a hold that size through your stock and then put the center pin through your stock and the work board, turn until cut.
This basic design can be adapted to work down to 5 or 6 cm. For smaller I can draw up a quick plan for you if you are actually willing to make these. You can also buy them, just search for guitar sound hole cutters, but these will not get you the smaller holes.
If you can't have a hole in the center of your disc or need it as small as possible the design could be adapted, would need to think on it a little for the best way to go.