>>105880259 (OP)stock gives more power than actually needed with some extra reserve to ensure 100% rock-solid stability taking into account manufacturing margin of error
since stock gives more power - it heats up faster and hits the thermal wall faster
with undervolting you are de-facto searching for absolute bare minimum power that is necessary for you're specific cpu die to be 99,999% or 100% stable
since you are sending less power - it heat's up slower, and that formed thermal headroom is then used to boost clock higher, because boost potential is locked by thermals