>>17782565But for the last quarter of a century a reverse movement has
been in progress, and each nation by protective tariffs has entered
into competition with the countries which have heretofore had the
monopoly of them. In 1861 Russia had 14,600 manufactories, which
produced goods to the annual value of $180,000,000. In 1884 the
value of manufactured Russian products reached $775,000,000.
That great Northern power not only practically prohibits the intro-
duction of English goods into her territories, but competes with the
same nation in every part of Asia. France is a highly protected
nation, and before the German indemnity and the ravages of the
phylloxera was the most prosperous one in Europe. Germany not
only protects her home manufactures b u t is competing sharply
with England in all the markets of the world. British imports of
cotton into Brazil have fallen off about $5,000,000 per annum in
four years. India has over 80,000,000 spindles in the cotton manu-
factories, when twenty years ago it had not 35,000.