>>17822692 (OP)the Soviets, for the most part, never took as serious a scientific and methodical approach to their space program as the US did, many of their "firsts" were only so because of rushed attempts to beat the Americans for political reasons
that doesn't mean there weren't scientists in the USSR just as dedicated as anyone else, they were- and in many ways they did exceed the Americans
but the political, and more importantly, economic reality was stacked against them
the success of NASA's shuttle program vs the Soviet Buran underscores this
>first space stationtrue, along with Mir the USSR was ahead in pioneering long term habitability and experimantion in space
>first craft on another planettrue, the Soviet effort to explore Venus was something they could do in a absence of American focus and their Venera program deserves all the praise it gets
>first space rocketdubious, the nazis technically got there before anyone and the r7 rockets while impressive were just icbms and lacked much of the sophistication of the later saturn rockets
the focus on raw power and lifting capability, while it did have an edge over American designs early, was determental long term as American designs became more maneuverable, reliable, and versatile
>first satellite meh, Sputnik was only a quick slapdash effort to beat publicized American plans to put a satellite in space
within a few months Explorer 1 was up and outclassed Sputnik in every way, truly gathering data and paving the way for scientifically significant satellites
>first man, women and dogagain, just to beat the west to the punch, Gagarin's capsule was primative, lacked any ability for him to independently maneuver, and he had to bail out of it and parachute back down to earth
Soviets shot a guy into space while NASA was learning to fly in space
Tereshkova was a totally token gesture and she underperformed from what I understand
Laika was also a rushed attempt just to catapult a dog in space and suffocate it