>>17903048 (OP)
Yes, easily. It's hardly even a question. The near-total collapse of civilization following the loss of 75-90% of the population did more heavy lifting than any amount of gunpowder.
Spain wouldn't have had a foothold, and the English wouldn't have been able to establish more than a few trading outposts. The settler colony model would've been met with significant pushback from rival traders and the (now much more numerous) competing natives, likely armed by said traders.
This means a slower rate of centralization within Europe also, and opens the door to many alternate history outcomes.
>>17903296
The Amazon is interesting here, because it potentially demonstrates what would've happened if the natives had been "inoculated" earlier.
That is, if the Malian account is true, and the evidence we have of their voyage really indicates their arrival, then somewhere between 1312 and Portuguese settlement in the early 1500s (or the Spanish exploration of the Amazon river in the 1540s), the native population contracted a series of diseases and didn't recover by the time European colonization began.
This tracks with the Mexican population timeline, since it took approx. 3 centuries for them to recover.
In OP's scenario, that could rewrite even the history of South American settlement, meaning only the Caribbean would be open for plantation labor, and the gold rush following the conquest of the Andes just wouldn't have happened. Almost no Trans-Atlantic slave trade, no Price Revolution, no golden age of piracy...
A totally unrecognizable world.