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Here’s a list based on historical accounts (mainly Caesar’s own Commentarii de Bello Gallico and later historians):
1. Massacres during the Gallic Wars (58–50 BCE)
Mass killing of the Eburones (53 BCE) – After the Eburones rebelled under Ambiorix, Caesar ordered their total extermination, encouraging neighboring tribes to hunt them down.
Annihilation of the Veneti (56 BCE) – Following a naval victory in Brittany, Caesar executed the Veneti’s ruling class and sold most of the population into slavery.
Carnutes massacre (53 BCE) – In retaliation for a revolt, Caesar’s troops killed large numbers of Carnutes civilians.
2. Collective punishments & enslavement
Caesar repeatedly sold entire tribes into slavery—men, women, and children—after surrender, notably the Helvetii and Atuatuci.
3. Siege of Alesia (52 BCE)
Starvation as a weapon: Caesar’s double-ring fortifications trapped both Vercingetorix’s forces inside and reinforcements outside, leading to the starvation and death of thousands of civilians caught in the city.
Refusal to allow refugees to pass through the lines, causing them to die in no-man’s-land.
4. Civil War actions (49–45 BCE)
Massacre at Pharsalus (48 BCE) – While less indiscriminate than in Gaul, Caesar’s civil war still involved targeted killings of surrendered enemies and confiscation of property.
Siege of Uxellodunum (51 BCE) – After victory, Caesar cut off the hands of all captured defenders to serve as a warning.
