>>17922248 (OP)
>How did Russia transition from being under Mongol rule to defeating them in just one century?
They didn't, the Golden Horde collapsed into squabbling rump states after Timur's invasions. And in fact, the Great horde itself was destroyed by the Crimean Khanate, not Russia.
>>17922324
>they had literally no enemies other than nomads
This is bad. How can you be so wrong?