What if Islam never existed existed
>The Middle East
The lands that were already Christian before the Islamic conquests such as Anatolia, the Levant, and North Africa would remain Christian, so I don't think much needs to be discussed here.
Arab paganism was never going to survive. They were already moving towards some form of monotheism (there were sizable Christian and Jewish communities in pre-Islamic Arabia) before the rise of Islam and if Islam never existed, the Arabs would have eventually converted to Christianity (most likely the Syriac rite since Christians in pre-Islamic Arabia and most Arab Christians today follow the Syriac rite, the Arabic script itself deprives from the Syriac script, and most Christian influences on Islam come from Syriac rite Christianity)
Prior to their conversion to Islam, Iran was predominantly Zoroastrian and without Islam they would have remained Zoroastrian. They never converted to Christianity (and never would have even if Islam didn't exist) because unlike paganism which Christianity had easily replaced, Zoroastrianism actually had a unified theology and priesthood as well as actual moral teachings instead of just "sacrifice a goat to this god and hope they make it rain or something".
The Turkic migrations still happen of course. But instead of converting to Islam (which doesn't exist in this timeline), they convert to Zoroastrianism. The reason they converted to Islam in our timeline was due to their interactions with Iran (which was majority Muslim) and if Iran remains Zoroastrian in this timeline, the Turks would convert to Zoroastrianism.
The lands that were already Christian before the Islamic conquests such as Anatolia, the Levant, and North Africa would remain Christian, so I don't think much needs to be discussed here.
Arab paganism was never going to survive. They were already moving towards some form of monotheism (there were sizable Christian and Jewish communities in pre-Islamic Arabia) before the rise of Islam and if Islam never existed, the Arabs would have eventually converted to Christianity (most likely the Syriac rite since Christians in pre-Islamic Arabia and most Arab Christians today follow the Syriac rite, the Arabic script itself deprives from the Syriac script, and most Christian influences on Islam come from Syriac rite Christianity)
Prior to their conversion to Islam, Iran was predominantly Zoroastrian and without Islam they would have remained Zoroastrian. They never converted to Christianity (and never would have even if Islam didn't exist) because unlike paganism which Christianity had easily replaced, Zoroastrianism actually had a unified theology and priesthood as well as actual moral teachings instead of just "sacrifice a goat to this god and hope they make it rain or something".
The Turkic migrations still happen of course. But instead of converting to Islam (which doesn't exist in this timeline), they convert to Zoroastrianism. The reason they converted to Islam in our timeline was due to their interactions with Iran (which was majority Muslim) and if Iran remains Zoroastrian in this timeline, the Turks would convert to Zoroastrianism.
