>>17939124 (OP)
I want to maximize my power and influence in the world. There are two paths I could go down. One, play it safe, try to avoid changing history as much as possible, and just lay low until the present. Two, amass as much wealth and power as I possibly can and let the chips fall where they may. I think two is more interesting.
London is the best starting point. Unfortunately, I have nothing but the clothes on my back. Fortunately, being literate and knowing math could fairly easily get me a job as a scribe, tutor, clerk, etc. I just need enough money from this job to purchase materials and file my first patent: the chemical match. Red phosphorous for ignition, potassium chlorate as the oxidizer, glass powder or sand for friction, charcoal or sulfur for fuel, and starch or acacia gum as the binder. Grind then mix CAREFULLY, dip your sticks, and let dry. All of this should be readily available except for the red phosphorous, which would need to be made by baking white phosphorous without oxygen.
Commercializing this process will take me a year or two, and it should make me a very wealthy man.
From there, I get into the import business. I should be able to buy a ship, or rent space on one. I import sugar, spices, tea, textiles, etc., making sure to diversify my routes and products. The goal is to scale hard and buy as many ships, warehouses, etc. as I possibly can. Travelling on ships myself is too risky, though. I will need trusted business partners. But not too trusted. Can't have anyone figuring out my secret.
This business will be my main focus for the coming decades, but if I need cash or fall on hard times, I could always make more "inventions".
The next step is to start a bank. I would use my great wealth to invest in gold, key real estate, art, important patents, and companies and ventures that I know will be wildly successful.