>>17974413 (OP)
A big part of late 19th century/early 20th century east Asian history was all of the nations there realizing that their militaries sucked and the fastest way to get strong quick and stop being colonized would be to emulate the west 1 to 1. This was aided by them often hiring foreign veterans to advise them and teach them how to make militaries.
In china's case, the wakeup call was in 1895 when they got the absolute shit kicked out of them by their historical lesser neighbor, Japan. Japan sank their entire northern fleet (one of the strongest navies in the world at the time, featuring two German battleships) with no major losses despite having much smaller force. They then invaded Korea, China, and approached Beijing, taking minimal losses the entire way and not losing any battles.
In 1895 the Chinese were arrogant. They believed their traditional ways were perfect and that the middle kingdom had no need for modernity, they were mighty as they were. Most of their soldiers were spearmen and archers. I encourage you to compare manchu bannermen (their elite) to a meiji grunt of the IJA.
The Qing collapsed in 1911, and any warlord or faction worth their salt knew that they DIDNT want to be like the Qing, firing arrows at modern soldiers who were starting to field trapdoor rifles. They rushed modernity hard, and that came with a perfect emulation of western military principles. "Western" came to equal "modern, effective." "Eastern," with all the traditionalist dynastic retards gone, came to mean "were getting colonized." The "Mao suit" that became Chinese casual and formal wear resembles a western military jacket for this reason, it symbolized a new china. A strong China.