>>24711770
I think he's talking about languages like Greek, German and Georgian where adpositions govern specific cases. That's what lets you say things like "magna cum laude" in Latin. It's literally "great with praise," but because "magna" is ablative, it can only go with "laude" despite the shuffled word order, so the meaning has to be "with great praise." The Phineas and Ferb joke has more to do with English and its flexible "with" that can be used adnominally. Georgian and Classical Latin (Old Latin is different) don't generally have adnominal adpositional phrases at all, so, e.g., Georgian would have
>sampexa (three-legged) ḳengurus (kangaroo-genitive) renṭgenograma (x-ray) "a three-legged kangaroo's x-ray" (which you can also say in English, though it might sound like the kangaroo owns the x-ray)
or
>ḳengurus (kangaroo-genitive) renṭgenograma (x-ray) sami (three) pexit (leg(s)-instrumental) "an x-ray of a kangaroo along with three legs" (which you can also say in English)
The "sami pexit" is syntactically adverbial like the English "along with" (which is why you can move it around, "give me, along with three legs, an x-ray of a kangaroo"). German and Greek, despite marking nouns governed by prepositions for case, should allow the same ambiguity with "mit" and μετά because they also allow adnominal prepositional phrases, but in those languages you should be able to resolve it again with an article, e.g., (my German isn't great, but this should be right)
>eine (an (nominative)) Röntgenfotografie (x-ray (nominative)) von (of) einem (a (dative)) Känguru (kangaroo (dative)), einem (one (dative)) mit (with) drei (three) Beine (legs) "an x-ray of a kangaroo, one with three legs"
In English there would still be a technical ambiguity because it could be "an x-ray, one with three legs," but in German the "one" can only refer to "Känguru" because they're both dative (they're also both neuter while "Röntgenfotografie" is grammatically feminine).
