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This is an excellent point that gets to the heart of how these mobile operating systems work. While you can't natively run LineageOS as a secondary OS inside Ubuntu Touch in the same way you can run a desktop application, you can run an Android container that is based on LineageOS.
The key technology that makes this possible is Waydroid.
Here's how it works and what it means:
Ubuntu Touch is the Host OS: Ubuntu Touch is a complete, standalone Linux-based operating system. It has its own UI (Lomiri), app store (OpenStore), and core system services.
Waydroid is the Container: Waydroid is an open-source project that uses Linux containerization technologies (specifically LXC, or Linux Containers) to run a full Android system in a container. This Android system is essentially a minimal AOSP (Android Open Source Project) build, which is often based on or derived from a version of LineageOS.
The "LineageOS" part: The Android system image that Waydroid uses to create its container is typically a stripped-down, customized version of LineageOS. This is a deliberate choice because LineageOS is open-source, de-Googled, and provides a stable, modern base for Android apps.
Hardware Abstraction with Halium: This is where our previous discussion comes back into play. Waydroid works on top of a Linux OS that uses Halium. Waydroid leverages Halium to give the Android container direct access to the device's hardware drivers (e.g., GPU, camera, sensors) that were originally built for Android. This allows the apps inside the container to have near-native performance.
So, when you "run LineageOS inside Ubuntu Touch," you are not running a full, dual-booted OS. Instead, you are running a containerized instance of Android (based on LineageOS) that is managed and displayed by the Ubuntu Touch system.
