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Thread 24656206

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Anonymous No.24656206 >>24659413
Euclid's Elements discussion
Anonymous No.24656215 >>24656267 >>24659721 >>24661746 >>24661862 >>24662247
Is Postulate 5 really unprovable?
Anonymous No.24656217 >>24656225 >>24656298 >>24657164 >>24659792
I just learned from chatgpt that you're supposed to read only the first sentence of a proposition, called the enunciation, then try to work it out on your own, then read the rest of the text. I'm thinking I might try to read just the enunciation, then if it's a construction I'll try to do the construction, then read the construction, then I'll try to formulate a proof, then read the proof. For the enunciations you can read them for example here:

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/bookI/bookI.html#props

But I guess it might be a problem to not accidentally see the proof when having the text open.
Anonymous No.24656222 >>24656226 >>24656960 >>24659721
What is the point of reading this?
Anonymous No.24656225 >>24659199
>>24656217
Anonymous No.24656226 >>24656239
>>24656222
To learn logic.

https://archive.4plebs.org/pol/thread/513091928

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-jan-30-oe-crease30-story.html
Anonymous No.24656239 >>24656245 >>24656274 >>24656294
>>24656226
>learning logic by reading hundred of pages on bisection of rectilinear angles and triangles division
How about you pick a textbook on logic instead?
Anonymous No.24656245 >>24656247
>>24656239
you wouldn't get it, anon, we're philosophers
Anonymous No.24656247 >>24656267 >>24656274 >>24659519
>>24656245
Yeah I don't get the appeal of reading outdated maths without literary value
Anonymous No.24656256 >>24656280
Here's one version of it. Chatgpt recommended Heath's translation, either in the Dover edition which is this one, or the Green Lion Press edition.

https://archive.org/details/euclid_heath_2nd_ed/1_euclid_heath_2nd_ed

I'm using all the resources I can find, for example youtube videos.

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2V76rajvC1I2TrbPMRLcTqhdcbha4sDE

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCw4Vaf5QXErtRZ7xt6EMj-rmZOmdrpI1

I'm using this website for drawing:

https://www.desmos.com/geometry

This one was also good but has a little too much stuff, for example I prefer no grid and no axes, on this site you have to disable them manually every time:

https://www.math10.com/en/geometry/geogebra/geogebra.html

If you use this site together with the chrome extension Cheerpj you can drag the points around in the images of the drawings. The two drawing sites I linked also let you do that with your own drawings. I think that's helpful when trying to understand how it works.

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/bookI/propI1.html
Anonymous No.24656267
>>24656215
Yes.

>>24656247
Read Euclid regardless.
Anonymous No.24656274 >>24656296 >>24656308 >>24659711 >>24659792
>>24656239
>>24656247
I read such books too. But this book is also good for learning logic. It's not just a book about geometry, it's also a book which teaches logic because it builds your knowledge of geometry gradually from the foundation up, starting with very simple concepts or observations, using deductive logic, arguments, called mathematical proofs.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_proof

The book is not outdated, it was suppressed because it teaches you how to think, and they don't want the masses to be able to think.

Also geometry is one of the seven liberal arts, which constitute a classical education. The seven liberal arts are the Trivium and the Quadrivium. The Trivium is the tools of thought, how to think.

the Trivium
>grammar (Latin and Greek)
>logic
>rhetoric
the Quadrivium
>arithmetic
>geometry
>music
>astronomy

With this book you're studying two of those subjects at once.
Anonymous No.24656280
>>24656256
>This one was also good but has a little too much stuff, for example I prefer no grid and no axes, on this site you have to disable them manually every time:

But now it seems like if you click on "geometry" there is no grid and no axes.
Anonymous No.24656294
>>24656239
ngmi
Anonymous No.24656296 >>24657164
>>24656274
ah okay, you're the retard from the previous /clg/ thread
Anonymous No.24656298 >>24656939 >>24657118
>>24656217
To anyone here who has read Elements or is reading it, how did/do you study it? Do you just read continuously, or do you read only the first sentence of each proposition, try to solve it, and then read the rest of the text for the proposition?
Anonymous No.24656308 >>24656323
>>24656274
>the Trivium
>>grammar (Latin and Greek)
>>logic
>>rhetoric
In school I always hated english class the most but if they would've taught me the trivium I would've been enthused.
Anonymous No.24656323 >>24656364
>>24656308
Well, the purpose of school is to kill your desire to learn and your ability to think, and brainwash you. This is the Prussian education system, which is designed to teach the Trivium to the top 0.5% of the population while suppressing it for the bottom 99.5%. You're not going to study the Trivium in any school, ever. Teach yourself. A good place to start is Euclid's Elements.
Anonymous No.24656364 >>24656440 >>24656455 >>24656500
>>24656323
>Teach yourself.
I am trying. I'm reading aristotle rn, almost done with vol 1. wew lad did he say a lot about grammar but made it interesting. His Rhetoric is at the end of vol II, I won't get that for a while. I just picked up Farnsworth's classical english rhetoric, it looks bussin af.

I want to read Euclid but idk if I'm smart enough. I believe that his sytem remains viable in 2 dimensions so I might as well give it a shot at some... point.
Is the idea that geometry can help one better grasp universals, definitions and the laws of logic by appealing the the constitution of figures i.e. triangles?
Anonymous No.24656440
>>24656364
>I'm reading aristotle rn, almost done with vol 1.
Which book are you reading?
>I just picked up Farnsworth's classical english rhetoric, it looks bussin af.
Thanks for the recommendation, someone mentioned that in another thread but I don't think they had read it. Check out this book.
https://archive.org/details/logicorrightuseo00watt
table of contents in picrel

The idea is that Elements teaches logic because it starts by listing definitions of terms and simple concepts which are to be taken as given. Then it deduces other more complex concepts from these, presenting deductive arguments that prove them. And then it presents arguments for other yet more complex concepts deduced from those concepts, and so on. This way of building complex ideas (theorems) from simple ideas (axioms) is logic and it's a way of thinking that's transferable to other areas of life. It's building knowledge from scratch spelling out the premises and the conclusions.

There is no reason to wait, you can start right now. The first thing you learn is how to draw a perfect like-sided triangle, using only a compass and a straight edge, ie a ruler with no markings. Do you know how to do that? Then it tells you how you can know that the sides are exactly the same length. For the whole book you are only allowed to use a compass and a straight edge.

for drawing

https://www.desmos.com/geometry

After drawing try to give a deductive argument for how you can know that the sides are the same length.

After trying on your own the solution is for example in these links.

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/bookI/propI1.html

https://elements.ratherthanpaper.com/1.1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLlThlqCFeg&list=PL2V76rajvC1I2TrbPMRLcTqhdcbha4sDE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q29U3_2PIiM&list=PLrkQ3hzZrc4j9gT0z--_CiFzQLeVb32hQ
Anonymous No.24656455
>>24656364
>I'm reading aristotle rn, almost done with vol 1.
Which book are you reading?
>I just picked up Farnsworth's classical english rhetoric, it looks bussin af.
Thanks for the recommendation, someone mentioned that in another thread but I don't think they had read it. Check out this book.
https://archive.org/details/logicorrightuseo00watt
table of contents in picrel

The idea is that Elements teaches logic because it starts by listing definitions of terms and simple concepts which are to be taken as given. Then it deduces other more complex concepts from these, presenting deductive arguments that prove them. And then it presents arguments for other yet more complex concepts deduced from those concepts, and so on. This way of building complex ideas (theorems) from simple ideas (axioms) is logic and it's a way of thinking that's transferable to other areas of life. It's building knowledge from scratch spelling out the premises and the conclusions.

There is no reason to wait, you can start right now. The first thing you learn is how to draw a perfect like-sided triangle, using only a compass and a straight edge, ie a ruler with no markings. Do you know how to do that? Then it tells you how you can know that the sides are exactly the same length. For the whole book you are only allowed to use a compass and a straight edge.

for drawing

https://www.desmos.com/geometry

After drawing try to give a deductive argument for how you can know that the sides are the same length.

After trying on your own the solution is for example in these links.

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/bookI/propI1.html

https://elements.ratherthanpaper.com/1.1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLlThlqCFeg&list=PL2V76rajvC1I2TrbPMRLcTqhdcbha4sDE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q29U3_2PIiM&list=PLrkQ3hzZrc4j9gT0z--_CiFzQLeVb32hQ
Anonymous No.24656500 >>24657439 >>24659721
>>24656364
>I'm reading aristotle rn, almost done with vol 1.
Which book are you reading?
>I just picked up Farnsworth's classical english rhetoric, it looks bussin af.
Thanks for the recommendation, someone mentioned that in another thread but I don't think they had read it. Check out this book.
https://archive.org/details/logicorrightuseo00watt
table of contents in picrel

The idea is that Elements teaches logic because it starts by listing definitions of terms and simple concepts which are to be taken as given. Then it deduces other more complex concepts from these, presenting deductive arguments that prove them. And then it presents arguments for other yet more complex concepts deduced from those concepts, and so on. This way of building complex ideas (theorems) from simple ideas (axioms) is logic and it's a way of thinking that's transferable to other areas of life. It's building knowledge from scratch spelling out the premises and the conclusions.

There is no reason to wait, you can start right now. The first thing you learn is how to draw a perfect like-sided triangle, using only a compass and a straight edge, ie a ruler with no markings. Do you know how to do that? Then it tells you how you can know that the sides are exactly the same length. For the whole book you are only allowed to use a compass and a straight edge.

for drawing

https://www.desmos.com/geometry

After drawing try to give a deductive argument for how you can know that the sides are the same length.

After trying on your own the solution is for example in these four links below.

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/bookI/propI1.html

https://elements.ratherthanpaper.com/1.1

(edit: !!!SPOILER ALERT!!!
I thought maybe blacktexting the youtube links would prevent the images from being shown, but no. Spoiler alert, don't hover over these two blacktexts before you try to draw the triangle.)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLlThlqCFeg&list=PL2V76rajvC1I2TrbPMRLcTqhdcbha4sDE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q29U3_2PIiM&list=PLrkQ3hzZrc4j9gT0z--_CiFzQLeVb32hQ
Anonymous No.24656522 >>24656602
Anybody have an opinion on the currently available Taschen edition ?
Anonymous No.24656602
>>24656522

https://www.c82.net/euclid/#books

https://archive.org/details/firstsixbooksofe00eucl

http://www.math.ubc.ca/~cass/Euclid/byrne.html

Everyone will have their own preferences regarding which presentation helps them learn. I tried reading Byrne's Elements in the first link above but personally I didn't find it very helpful and prefer other presentations. I use:

https://elements.ratherthanpaper.com/

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/toc.html

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2V76rajvC1I2TrbPMRLcTqhdcbha4sDE

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCw4Vaf5QXErtRZ7xt6EMj-rmZOmdrpI1

https://www.youtube.com/@SandyBultena/playlists
Anonymous No.24656939
>>24656298
Like this
Anonymous No.24656960
>>24656222
What’s the point of reading thermodynamics and quantum mechanics? They relate to philosophy and the logic is applicable to sociology, ontology and epistemology.
Anonymous No.24657118
>>24656298
Euclid has words in the propositions that he doesn't define so sometimes it's not clear what he is saying but I like the wording and think extreme and mean ratio is better than golden ratio and parts better than fractions
Anonymous No.24657164 >>24658619
>>24656217
>that you're supposed to read only the first sentence of a proposition, called the enunciation, then try to work it out on your own, then read the rest of the text
...no. The Elements is open to someone using it that way, but there's nothing suggesting its purpose is to teach by any means different than learning through the proofs as they're presented. Besides, the memorizing the definitions, postulates, and common notions isn't going to help you deduce how to prove proposition 1.4 the way it ends up being proved (and a study of Apollonius's Conics Bk. 2 shows that the synthetic proofs were developed out of analyses that took the problem as already solved, i.e., the proofs themselves were not necessarily deduced, this is a *presentation*).

>>24656296
Explains why he's leaning on ChatGPT and wiki links.
Anonymous No.24657439 >>24658424 >>24658431
>>24656500
Euclid is fascinating. I watched the Hillsdale online logic course and it talked a lot about him. How geometry uses words and sentences to make arguments made me think of math differently.

I believe I remember how to make the equilateral triangle with two circles but I probably wouldn't be able to prove that it is equilateral.
Thanks for the encouragement, I will eventually pick up the elements.

>Which book are you reading?
pic rel
Anonymous No.24658424 >>24658434
>>24657439
You seem to be hung up on having to get the actual book and read it cover to cover. My point was this is not that kind of book. You read it chapter by chapter, and those chapters are online in many different presentations. Just reading the book itself is not going to be very fruitful. Once you've worked your way through a chapter/proposition you can go back and look at the book chapter as a reminder. And my point was also that I don't see why you're procrastinating, it's a very simple thing to begin working on proposition 1 right now, and then you're already reading Elements. But go ahead and try to read it like a novel.
Anonymous No.24658431 >>24658437
>>24657439
>Euclid is fascinating. I watched the Hillsdale online logic course and it talked a lot about him. How geometry uses words and sentences to make arguments made me think of math differently.
Also I was surprised to read this. Here it sounds like you already know a little about Elements, but in your previous post you seemed to know almost nothing about it, it felt like two different people wrote these posts.
Anonymous No.24658434 >>24658472
>>24658424
Yeah I didn;t mean to imply I just wanted to read it. I suppose I could start with an online version but I do prefer to have a physical copy of the books that I read.
I could start now but I'm focused on my Aristotle kick. I might make an attempt at Euclid before starting Plotinus or something.
Anonymous No.24658437
>>24658431
it's still me, sorry gotta go to work, ill be back in 7 hours
Anonymous No.24658464 >>24658644
Is a beautiful book
Anonymous No.24658472 >>24658499
>>24658434
I'm still not getting my point across. This is not like other books. Sure get a physical copy but you're still only going to read one chapter at a time, and you're probably not going to get much out of reading only the book with no commentary or learning aid. I would get it out of your head to view it as "another project" or even "another book". Literally just watch this video, read the link below it by clicking the "next sentence/highlight" button at the bottom of the screen, and draw it yourself in the app below that. Then you've done chapter/proposition one. Read whatever books you like. Then come back a day later, three days later, a week later, whatever, and do proposition two. Working the links below takes a few minutes. I'm not trying to encourage you to read the book, I'm trying to shake out of you the preconceived notions about what type of thing we're dealing with. The second link has the same text that's in the actual book.

https://youtu.be/Q29U3_2PIiM

https://elements.ratherthanpaper.com/1.1

https://www.desmos.com/geometry
Anonymous No.24658499
>>24658472
Are you so autistic that you think that anon doesn't already know that the Elements is a math book, presented mathematically? When he says he wants to read it, that doesn't imply he means he wants to read it like a pulp novel or a breezy treatise.
Anonymous No.24658527
μάθημα
Anonymous No.24658619 >>24659008 >>24659019
>>24657164
>but there's nothing suggesting its purpose is to teach by any means different than learning through the proofs as they're presented.
Yeah, there is nothing in the text itself suggesting it, but you're contradicting yourself, when you contrast this to what you say in the rest of your post about how the proofs aren't deduced. It could very well be that this is something left out of the text but which has been the standard method for learning it throughout history.

>Besides, the memorizing the definitions, postulates, and common notions isn't going to help you deduce how to prove proposition 1.4
I agree. Anyway I was not impressed by 1.4. Proposition 1.2, like most propositions, requires knowledge not only of the definitions, postulates, and common notions but also of previous propositions, in this case it requires 1.1 to already be a given, and 1.3 requires 1.1 and 1.2 to be givens. When you already know 1.1 and 1.2 I don't see how it couldn't perhaps be beneficial to use this knowledge and at least try to figure out 1.3 on your own before reading Euclid's construction and proof, and as I said the most beneficial way is probably to first read only the first sentence, then try to construct it yourself, then read how Euclid constructed it, then try to prove it yourself, and lastly read Euclid's proof. It might be hard to use this method because the texts don't have a clear indication where the construction ends and the proof begins, and the picture is also a spoiler.

>and a study of Apollonius's Conics Bk. 2 shows that the synthetic proofs were developed out of analyses that took the problem as already solved, i.e., the proofs themselves were not necessarily deduced, this is a *presentation*
This is very interesting. Can you elaborate? What do you mean by developed out of analyses that took the problem as already solved, what do you mean by the proofs themselves, and what do you mean by the proofs themselves not being deduced? Synthetic proof, is that the same as constructive proof? Apparently 1.1, 1.2. and 1.3 are constructive proofs, while 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 are non-constructive proofs. I can kind of see the difference between the two but I'm not sure what it is or how to put it into words.
Anonymous No.24658644 >>24658822
>>24658464
The frontispiece of Heath, the classic and now-standard English edition, also derives from the Bodleian codex.
Anonymous No.24658822 >>24659054
>>24658644
What is the Bodleian codex? Googling turns up some Mesoamerican stuff. Chatgpt recommended Heath's translation, either Dover or Green Lion Press, and people in another thread on this board about Elements recommended Heath too. I had a look at both Dover and Green Lion Press, and it seems Dover has commentary, while Green Lion Press doesn't. Is that commentary worth reading? I haven't read it yet. This pic is from Dover, the link I posted earlier.

https://archive.org/details/euclid_heath_2nd_ed/1_euclid_heath_2nd_ed

All the text below the red line is commentary. Most other books and websites only have the text above the red line it seems. This website has commentary by David E Joyce.

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/bookI/propI1.html

Anyway thoughts on commentaries? Do you need them? Which are the best? Etc.
Anonymous No.24658858 >>24658927
I like the Richard Fitzpatrick translation

https://farside.ph.utexas.edu/Books/Euclid/Elements.pdf
Anonymous No.24658873
>retarded at math
>read euclid
>no longer retarded at math
Anonymous No.24658927 >>24658992
>>24658858
Any particular reason?
Anonymous No.24658992 >>24659054
>>24658927
It hardly deviates from heath but comes off smoother and it has the greek as well and it includes the typos
Anonymous No.24659008 >>24659019 >>24659107 >>24659650 >>24659652 >>24659694 >>24659743
>>24658619
>Yeah, there is nothing in the text itself suggesting it, but you're contradicting yourself, when you contrast this to what you say in the rest of your post about how the proofs aren't deduced. It could very well be that this is something left out of the text but which has been the standard method for learning it throughout history.
I don't think there's any contradiction, the proofs are taught "synthetically," i.e., in an organized manner so that what comes successively is shown in relation to what's come prior. The text doesn't say anywhere, "By the way, later props are deduced from earlier ones," that's an assumption readers smuggle in or are mistakenly taught.

>When you already know 1.1 and 1.2 I don't see how it couldn't perhaps be beneficial to use this knowledge and at least try to figure out 1.3 on your own before reading Euclid's construction and proof
I didn't say otherwise, it's an alright exercise (but I don't see how far you'll get only looking at enunciations, as if the set up for the proposition and accompanying givens aren't also important for getting somewhere), I contested your claim that you're "supposed" to do it that way.

>Can you elaborate? What do you mean by developed out of analyses that took the problem as already solved, what do you mean by the proofs themselves, and what do you mean by the proofs themselves not being deduced? Synthetic proof, is that the same as constructive proof?
The tl;dr is that ancient mathematicians would, when working out problems, assume the thing already proven, and then analyze the steps necessary to bring it as far back to an untouched state as possible, and then they would show the proof as we tend to see it in Euclid. You can look up Apollonius Conics bk. 2 props. 44-51, they work by a double movement. It's basically where Descartes had a eureka moment and set down his own writings on math, emphasizing an analytic approach. By "synthetic proofs," I just mean proofs set up in a synthetic organization like the Elements.
Anonymous No.24659019 >>24659754 >>24659754 >>24659807
>>24658619
>>24659008
An example from Apollonius, bk. 2 prop. 44:

>Given a section of a cone, to find a diameter.
>Let there be the given conic section on which are the point Ξ‘, Ξ’, Ξ“, Ξ”, and Ξ•. Then it is required to find a diameter.
>[Solution]. Let it have been done, and let it be Ξ“Ξ˜ than with ΔΖ and Ξ•Ξ˜ drawn as ordinates and continued ΔΖ is equal to Ξ–Ξ’, and Ξ•Ξ˜ is equal to Ξ˜Ξ‘.
>If then we fix Ξ’Ξ” and ΕΑ in position to be parallel, the points Θ and Ξ– will be given. And so Ξ˜Ξ–Ξ“ will be given in position.
>Then the synthesis to this problem is as follows. Let there be the given conic section on which are the points Ξ‘, Ξ’, Ξ“, Ξ”, and Ξ•, and let Ξ’Ξ” and ΑΕ be drawn parallel and bisected at Ξ– and Θ. And Ξ–Ξ˜ joined will be [according to Proposition II.28] a diameter of the section. And in the same way we could also find an indefinite number of diameter.
Anonymous No.24659054
>>24658992
But it only has the translation of the text, not Heath's commentary, see the pic here >>24658822, of those three pages of text in Heath's Elements by Dover, only the first page is in Fitzpatrick's text.
Anonymous No.24659067 >>24659199 >>24662192
I own this but haven't read it. Seems like something people ITT would want to look into/enjoy.
Anonymous No.24659107 >>24659754
>>24659008
I meant that there is a contradiction because you talk about something which is held to be true of the text but which you say is actually not the case, but then say my info is not valid because it's not in the text itself. We can nitpick what "supposed to" means but you yourself worked from the preSUPPOSITION that the method of proof is deduction.

Anyway I don't know enough about the subject to discuss it in depth but your idea of how the proofs aren't deduced I don't know really what it's about. The proofs as they are presented are deduced from previously mentioned concepts. "The proofs themselves" that you're talking about, which I assume means the way the proof was laid out, that's getting into philosophy and I'm not sure there is anything of substance to that line of thought.

Your nitpicking pilpul doesn't do much to help this thread to be honest, do you like to take words and criticize them for the purpose of derailing rather than enlightening?

But anyway it sounds like an interesting subject, but the way you brought it up was perhaps not the best way to go about it.

>but I don't see how far you'll get only looking at enunciations, as if the set up for the proposition and accompanying givens aren't also important for getting somewhere
This might be true. Chatgpt said something about this method having been used traditionally or whatever but I don't think I saw any sources linked. It might be better to read everything except the proof, try to think of a proof yourself, and then read the proof, rather than beginning with only the enunciation.

>are mistakenly taught
What? You're contradicting yourself again.
Anonymous No.24659158 >>24659652
This is how elements is laid out and how one proposition is built upon the previous,it's pretty cool
Anonymous No.24659199
>>24659067
Looks interesting, thanks.

https://libgen.li/ads.php?md5=1ed3fb67cac34480609d924f9dc37c7e

I only read that page so far. It gives you the Greek terms for the parts of each proposition which I posted here: >>24656225

It also talks about the two different types of propositions which I referred to as constructive and non-constructive. I got that from a youtube video, although they said "non-construction proof". This book talks about problems vs theorems.

Another thing it says which annoys me is that of the words for the six parts of a proposition only the second to last means "proof" in Greek, but the modern sense of "proof" includes four of the six parts. The original Greek way seems more sensible to me, because it's only one part that's an actual deductive argument, which I thought was what a mathematical proof is, but what do I know.
Anonymous No.24659413 >>24659499
>>24656206 (OP)
Great thread. Any good books on Calculus discussion and description?
Anonymous No.24659499
>>24659413
I saw this the other day but it's not something that I'm interested in myself. I heard about it through a youtube video which popped up in my feed which said Richard Feynman taught himself calculus with it.

https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.462654

https://www.youtube.com/shorts/cWyfBehpif4
Anonymous No.24659519
>>24656247
>without literary value
Summerfag. How have you never heard of the Hellenistic Era? It's the most important time period in human history...
Anonymous No.24659650 >>24659735 >>24659743 >>24659769
>>24659008
>the proofs are taught "synthetically," i.e., in an organized manner so that what comes successively is shown in relation to what's come prior. The text doesn't say anywhere, "By the way, later props are deduced from earlier ones," that's an assumption readers smuggle in or are mistakenly taught.
Can you elaborate on this or point to where I can learn more? I'm trying to learn about this. So you think Elements doesn't build propositions on previous propositions using deductive logic? Do you think Elements is a good book? I don't know why you don't like chatgpt but I asked it to elaborate on this post and this thread is pretty dead anyway so I'm going to post it in picrel.
Anonymous No.24659652
>>24659158
>one proposition is built upon the previous
Seems like this guy doesn't think they are. >>24659008
Anonymous No.24659694 >>24659769
>>24659008
>the proofs are taught "synthetically," i.e., in an organized manner so that what comes successively is shown in relation to what's come prior. The text doesn't say anywhere, "By the way, later props are deduced from earlier ones," that's an assumption readers smuggle in or are mistakenly taught.
Picrel is from: https://archive.org/details/euclid_heath_2nd_ed/1_euclid_heath_2nd_ed
See my highlight. It says there:
>[I.1]
That's referencing proposition 1 which came just before this proposition. Did Euclid put it there or did Heath? Do you think it's not deductive logic in how proposition 1 is required to construct that part of proposition 2? If so, why?

Almost all the resources and materials I've seen which present Elements have these references, in the text, in a column, the margin or spoken. They reference not only definitions, common notions and postulates, but also previous propositions. See:

https://youtu.be/UHZO2dviZfU

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/bookI/propI2.html
Anonymous No.24659711
>>24656274
The stuff you mentain has been build before modern symbolical logic arraives. You probably wast your time and would go faster with a modern textbook on geometry and/or logic.
wordcel No.24659721 >>24659771 >>24659778 >>24659806
>>24656215
What does provable mean?
The entire point is that you cannot reduce the postulate into the other 4s. It is logical independed of the others, i.e. you can believe in all 4 postulates without in the 5th.
This is the base of alternative geometries.

>>24656222
I once tried to read it, and I failed. This diction is so foreign to me, and in addition, I have no clue about geometry. I lack the sense of spatial orders. My verbal IQ is much higher than my spatial IQ, too. Maybe it's just not my field?

>>4656226
You should better learn logic from actual logic literature. Modern philosophers and mathematicians have come up with a lot of interesting theories about logic. Euclid is just outdated today.

>>24656500
Since the work of Bertrand Russell, Frege, the rise of non-Euclidean geometry, and alternative systems of axioms, the notation of axioms has changed. For Euclid and most of the crowd back then, an axiom was considered a self-evident truth from which you could draw necessarily valid conclusions. This idea has undergone many changes through critique, skepticism, and developments.

Today, axioms are seen as a kind of definition, and definitions are somewhat arbitrary.
Anonymous No.24659735 >>24661637 >>24662247
>>24659650
Linking some of the books chatgpt recommended. You'll have to google for the rest, I'm going to bed.

>Euclid and his Twentieth Century Rivals, Nathaniel Miller
https://www.unco.edu/nhs/mathematical-sciences/faculty/miller/pdf/euclid20thcenturyrivalsmiller.pdf

>A History of Greek Mathematics, Thomas Heath
https://archive.org/details/cu31924008704219

>An Introduction to the History of Science, George Sarton
https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi01sart

>Reviel Netz
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reviel_Netz#Selected_publications
Anonymous No.24659743
>>24659650
>So you think Elements doesn't build propositions on previous propositions using deductive logic?
>>24659008
I know you don't like wikipedia, in addition to chatgpt, but this is from wikipedia.

>The Elements is still considered a masterpiece in the application of logic to mathematics.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid%27s_Elements

This is what I've read everywhere, that Elements is a book about logic etc. So you need to elaborate and back up that it's not using deductive logic.
Anonymous No.24659754 >>24659781
>>24659107
>I meant...
That's...not a contradiction of myself, first off. My understanding that the proofs weren't discovered deductively comes from spurces like Apollonius, the depictions of the treatment of math problems in Plato and Simplicius, and so on. When I said your info isn't valid because it's not in the text, that's a point of emphasis against a contention that you're strongly supposed to read the Elements by stopping at every enunciation and strugglebussing your way to a proof before looking at what Euclid presents as proof.

>We can nitpick what "supposed to" means but you yourself worked from the preSUPPOSITION that the method of proof is deduction.
The method of *presentation* is deductive; this is unquestionably the case, because from the theoretical standpoint, this presentation accords with the nature of the mathematical entities themselves in understanding from their elements to their expansion as Platonic solids. But the deductive presentation isn't how the proofs were actually discovered. The Elements is a textbook compendium of work that had already been done, presented in a strong order showing theoretical dependencies.

>I don't...
I literally spelled it out for you in the simplest terms and gave you an example of Apollonius doing this at >>24659019. "I'm not sure there is anything of substance," retard, this is how they solved geometric problems and figured how to relate them to theoretically prior material.

>Your nitpicking pilpul
Lol lmao, you're one of the most nitpicking retards here, you literally hijack the clg threads for your spergery.

>This might be true. Chatgpt said something about this method having been used traditionally or whatever but I don't think I saw any sources linked. It might be better to read everything except the proof, try to think of a proof yourself, and then read the proof, rather than beginning with only the enunciation.
Stop trusting ChatGPT, first off, and stop worrying about the proofs being "spoiled" and just work at memorizing some of them.

>What? You're contradicting yourself again.
No, maybe you don't know what a contradiction per se is.

When you take it, as you expressly do from the start of the thread, that the proofs in the Elements were *figured out* according to the deductive presentation, i.e., that the Pythagorean theorem was only derived or discovered after 30-something other proofs, themselves only determined after setting out defs., etc., that would be wrong. Review >>24659019, which you completely ignored. You don't have to know what the segments look like, just pay attention to the approach.
Anonymous No.24659761
https://www.unco.edu/nhs/mathematical-sciences/faculty/miller/pdf/euclid20thcenturyrivalsmiller.pdf

> As previously discussed, Euclid’s Elements was seen as the gold standard in careful deductive reasoning from the time it was written until relatively recently, but it is now often viewed as being antiquated, inherently informal, and nsalvageable. So we might wonder which view is
correct: are Euclid’s methods of proof valid, or are they not

The author already makes a failcy here. A work can be outdated and lost it's usefullness and still containts good formal proofs. Consider Newton's work.

The author is still right about one thing. Usually, modern mathematicans doesn't work in formal logic.
Anonymous No.24659769 >>24659786
>>24659650
It's a *presentation*. It's a good and strong presentation, because it does build a certain ability for deduction, but it's deceptive, because it's not how how the proofs were *developed*, which came instead from trying to solve this or that problem, which required analysis.

Your reliance on ChatGPT means you're reading AI summaries of any bullshit anyone has said on the internet, with or without authority. Just as Wikipedia, in being edited by any jackass who feels like it, will always seem deficient to anyone with more learning or expertise, so will the AI summaries seem like flipping a coin to anyone's who's studied this stuff. Spend less time letting AI think for you, spend more reading Euclid or Heath.

>>24659694
>That's referencing proposition 1 which came just before this proposition. Did Euclid put it there or did Heath?
That's editors, Euclid just says the rest of the text you highlight.

>Almost all the resources and materials I've seen which present Elements have these references, in the text, in a column, the margin or spoken. They reference not only definitions, common notions and postulates, but also previous propositions
Because it's useful for keeping track of the relations of everything as presented. It's not how they're derived.
Anonymous No.24659771
>>24659721
>I once tried to read it, and I failed.

Use these two playlists, the two websites below them, and the app in the last link for drawing.

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2V76rajvC1I2TrbPMRLcTqhdcbha4sDE

https://www.youtube.com/@SandyBultena/playlists

https://elements.ratherthanpaper.com/

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/toc.html

https://www.desmos.com/geometry

It shouldn't be difficult. Do one proposition at a time. I'll link you to the first proposition. Try it right away, and report back what you think.

https://youtu.be/XLlThlqCFeg

https://youtu.be/Q29U3_2PIiM

https://elements.ratherthanpaper.com/1.1 (click on the "next sentence/highlight" button to go through the proposition)

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/bookI/propI1.html

(You can download the chrome extension cheerpj if you want to be able to move around the figures in the aleph0 link with the mouse, but it's not necessary, if you don't it shows a still image.)

You can follow along in the actual book, but both the aleph0 link and the ratherthanpaper link have the text that's in the book.

https://archive.org/details/euclid_heath_2nd_ed/1_euclid_heath_2nd_ed
Anonymous No.24659778 >>24659806
>>24659721
>I once tried to read it, and I failed.

Use these two playlists, the two websites below them, and the app in the last link for drawing.

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2V76rajvC1I2TrbPMRLcTqhdcbha4sDE

https://www.youtube.com/@SandyBultena/playlists

https://elements.ratherthanpaper.com/

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/toc.html

https://www.desmos.com/geometry

It shouldn't be difficult. Do one proposition at a time. I'll link you to the first proposition. Try it right away, and report back what you think.

https://youtu.be/XLlThlqCFeg

https://youtu.be/Q29U3_2PIiM

https://elements.ratherthanpaper.com/1.1 (click on the "next sentence/highlight" button to go through the proposition)

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/bookI/propI1.html

(You can download the chrome extension cheerpj if you want to be able to move around the figures in the aleph0 link with the mouse, but it's not necessary, if you don't it shows a still image.)

You can follow along in the actual book, but both the aleph0 link and the ratherthanpaper link have the text that's in the book.

https://farside.ph.utexas.edu/Books/Euclid/Elements.pdf
Anonymous No.24659781 >>24659792
>>24659754
>But the deductive presentation isn't how the proofs were actually discovered.
So? Where did I say that?

>When you take it, as you expressly do from the start of the thread, that the proofs in the Elements were *figured out* according to the deductive presentation, i.e., that the Pythagorean theorem was only derived or discovered after 30-something other proofs, themselves only determined after setting out defs., etc., that would be wrong.
I didn't say that either.
Anonymous No.24659786 >>24659797
>>24659769
>It's not how they're derived.
What? It's not how the proofs were discovered, but it is how YOU derive one proposition from previous propositions. Are you trying to clarify or muddy the waters and derail in this thread, I can't tell which.
Anonymous No.24659792 >>24659804
>>24659781
You and I both know you implied as much, and you and I both know you were resistant to what I was saying on account of your thinking otherwise.

>>24656217
>I just learned from chatgpt that you're supposed to read only the first sentence of a proposition, called the enunciation, then try to work it out on your own, then read the rest of the text.
>>24656274
>It's not just a book about geometry, it's also a book which teaches logic because it builds your knowledge of geometry gradually from the foundation up, starting with very simple concepts or observations, using deductive logic, arguments, called mathematical proofs.

You argue like a very precocious teenager, or a severely autistic adult.
Anonymous No.24659797 >>24659804
>>24659786
I'm saying the same thing I emphasized earlier in that same post, that there's a distinction between learning geometry deductively because that's how Euclid presents, versus how those proofs themselves were historically discovered, which trivially was not in that order, but more sporadic. Stop being a sperg.
Anonymous No.24659804 >>24659807
>>24659792
>>24659797
Stop being an asshole. I didn't say anything about how the proofs were discovered. It's good that you're telling us that there is a difference between how they were discovered and how they're presented.
Anonymous No.24659806
>>24659721
>>24659778
Actually I'll make that simpler. You only need these two links.

https://youtu.be/XLlThlqCFeg

https://elements.ratherthanpaper.com/1.1

Do this proposition and report back.
Anonymous No.24659807 >>24660549
>>24659804
>don't be an asshole
Shut the fuck up and stop being a sperg. I was perfectly clear the first time before your autism tripped and needed to find every way possible to excuse your misunderstanding of basic English sentences, while ignoring the most relevant example of what I was talking about at >>24659019 and acting like fucking AI and Wikipedia are elite authorities.
Anonymous No.24659963 >>24660199 >>24660382 >>24660441 >>24660549 >>24660625
People in this thread are talking about a book they haven't read and are using jeetpt and Wikipedia, meanwhile I have pretty much the entire first 6 books written out in my own manuscript
Anonymous No.24660199
>>24659963
Why so much words
Anonymous No.24660382
>>24659963
>I have pretty much the entire first 6 books written out in my own manuscript
I envy your dedication for acquiring knowledge
Anonymous No.24660441 >>24660723
>>24659963
can manuscripts be in pencil?
Anonymous No.24660549 >>24660599 >>24660894
>>24659807
>>24659963
I love chatgpt. It means I don't need to talk to people who can't control their ego and emotions like you.
Anonymous No.24660599 >>24660611
>>24660549
Then go hold council with your soulless robot and leave the discussion of ancient revered literature to us who sharpen our intellects upon each other's human wit
Anonymous No.24660611 >>24660627
>>24660599
nah, I started this thread, the one who needs to fuck off is you, go to your hugbox child
Anonymous No.24660625 >>24660633 >>24660647 >>24660894 >>24660914
>>24659963
>look guys look I copied le heckin based greek book
>I'm so heckin based guys
Learning geometry from Euclid's Elements is like learning calculus from Newton's Principia. No legitimate reason to do it other than wanting to feel intelligent, there are far, far better ways to learn geometry.
>but but but but this guy learned it from Euclid so THERE
So? Do you walk everywhere because [insert historical figure] didn't have cars?
Anonymous No.24660627 >>24660648
>>24660611
If you love jeetpt for so and so reason then why did you start a thread on 4chan?
Anonymous No.24660633
>>24660625
Like learning poetry from Homer
Anonymous No.24660647
>>24660625
I've been looking around myself do you have any geometry book recs?

Euclid translation is still nifty for learning how to do a proof at least, but even in its time was just an index of existing methods
Anonymous No.24660648 >>24660658 >>24660686
>>24660627
Because both have their benefits. Not all people on here are unable to control their ego and emotions like you. Besides chatgpt explained the concepts you brought up 20x better than you did, without throwing a tantrum and being an asshole.
Anonymous No.24660658
>>24660648
I haven't really explained anything and I think you are confusing me for someone else
Anonymous No.24660686
>>24660648
Care to deduce how I constructed 5.19 and talk about the ratios involved? Unlike any other copy if elements posted mine has the circles so that will make it easier for you to do so? Let's actually talk about elements
Anonymous No.24660702
What's going on in my construction that is not happening in this figure of 5.19?
Anonymous No.24660723
>>24660441
manu = (by) hand
scriptus = written
Anonymous No.24660894 >>24661229
>>24660549
>It means I don't need to talk to people who can't control their ego and emotions like you.
You sperged out at anon above for wanting to read Euclid, as if, you thought like a crazy person, he didn't understand it was a math book. Cope, seethe, etc. Maybe study that Trivium shit so you can figure out how to talk to people without spilling your spaghetti everywhere.

>>24660625
Euclid's not magically irrelevant on account of modern textbooks (which tend to really be treating analytic geometry, not classical plane geometry per se). Most textbooks looking to teach classical plane geometry are just cribbing or repeating the Elements.

(And no one learns calculus from Newton's Principia because Newton's Principia doesn't present his work as proved by his calculus, but geometrically, since he was still hiding his discoveries. That would be evident had you read Newton.)
Anonymous No.24660914
>>24660625
Protagoras.
Anonymous No.24661229
>>24660894
Retard. I didn't sperg out and I wasn't objecting to reading the book, I was objecting to viewing it as some sort of big laborious project that he had to postpone because it takes 5 minutes to do proposition one. Anyone that has five minutes can study Elements. He has the wrong attitude and you're a troll.
Anonymous No.24661307
Let us talk no further about spergs and retards and instead discuss Euclid's elements
Anonymous No.24661637 >>24661659 >>24662247
>>24659735
>Proofs and Refutations:The Logic of Mathematical Discovery, Imre Lakatos
https://dl1.cuni.cz/pluginfile.php/730446/mod_resource/content/2/Imre%20Lakatos%3B%20Proofs%20and%20Refutations.pdf
Anonymous No.24661659
>>24661637

https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/434707

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_and_Refutations
Anonymous No.24661742
Euclid'sElementsis amathematicalandgeometrictreatiseconsisting of 13 books written by the ancientGreek mathematicianEuclidinAlexandriac. 300 BC. It is a collection of definitions, postulates (axioms), propositions (theoremsandconstructions), andmathematical proofsof the propositions. The thirteen books coverEuclidean geometryand the ancient Greek version of elementarynumber theory. With the exception ofAutolycus'On the Moving Sphere, theElementsis one of the oldest extant Greek mathematical treatises,[9]and it is the oldest extant axiomatic deductive treatment ofmathematics. It has proven instrumental in the development oflogicand modernscience.

Euclid'sElementshas been referred to as the most successful[10][11]and influential[12]textbook ever written. Being first set in type inVenicein 1482, it is one of the very earliest mathematical works to be printed after the invention of theprinting pressand was estimated byCarl Benjamin Boyerto be second only to theBiblein the number of editions published,[12]with the number reaching well over one thousand.[13]For centuries, when thequadriviumwas included in the curriculum of all university students, knowledge of at least part of Euclid'sElementswas required of all students. Not until the 20th century, by which time its content was universally taught through other school textbooks, did it cease to be considered something all educated people had read.
Anonymous No.24661746
>>24656215
You live on a fucking sphere
Use your brain for a second
Anonymous No.24661862
>>24656215
I have a proof but I can't fit in the space of one post
Anonymous No.24661966 >>24662034
Can anyone tell me about this highlighted word that appears in 4.12, I think this proposition for some reason uses unique wording
Anonymous No.24662034
>>24661966
It means to conceive of things a certain way, in a translation it appears as, "Let A, B, C, D, E *be conceived* to be the angular points of the inscribed pentagon, so that the circumferences AB, BC, CD, DE, EA are equal," and it's uncommon. It's used again in a handful of later props.
Anonymous No.24662192
>>24659067
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/214444
>4 ratings
>0 reviews
Anonymous No.24662247
>>24656215
>>24659735
>>24661637
>Mathematics and the Roots of Postmodern Thought, Vladimir Tasic
https://uberty.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/VladimirTasic-Mathematics-postmodern.pdf