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>In Binfords (2001) sample of 339 hunter-gatherer groups, females married at an average age of 14 years, and the mean was also 14 in another sample of 124 (Marlowe & Berbesque, 2012).
>(Marlowe, 2005); and in another sample of 18 forager and subsistence populations (Walker, 2019), the average age of menarche was 14.3 1.5 years (range, 1217) and for first births was 18.2 1.3
>In the Hiwi, 1%-2% of mothers die per pregnancy (Hill et al., 2007); the comparable figure is 1% in the Hadza (Blurton Jones, 2016), 0.7% in the Ache (Hill & Hurtado, 1996), and 2.2% in the Agta, accounting for 12%14% of all adult female deaths (Headland, 1989).
>paleolithic women died on average 5 years earlier than men (Angel, 1984), the reverse of what we see in most contemporary human populations
>three other large-scale studies in countries in Africa, Latin America, and Asia which all found a lower risk of C-sections for mothers aged 16-19 years versus 2024 years, controlling for maternal social and behavioral factors (and parity, where relevant). The risk was 25% lower in two different samples of 120,000 primiparas in 23 countries and 314,000 births in 29 countries (Ganchimeg et al., 2013, 2014), but was higher in those 15 years. In a study of 854,000 births in 18 Latin American countries (Conde-Agudelo et al., 2005) with similar adjustments, the risk of a C-section was 17% lower in mothers aged 18-19 years and 20% lower in those 16-17
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